RAYMOND THORNTON
CHANDLER (1888-1959)
The famous crime
novelist, although born in Chicago, had an immediate, and
intimate, connection with Waterford - his mother, Florence,
was a member of the Thornton family of Waterford. She and her
elder sister Grace were two of five daughters from a
prosperous family in Waterford, all of whom were members of
Waterford's Quaker community. Grace had married an Irish
settler in Nebraska, one Ernest Fitt. Ernest was a boiler
inspector and was 'doubtfully honest' according to Chandler.
It was while on a visit to Grace that Florence, by now a
lapsed Quaker, met Maurice Chandler. |
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Maurice was a railway engineer,
an alcoholic and also a lapsed Quaker. Curiously, the Chandlers had also
lived in the same Waterford Quaker community as the Thorntons. Maurice
and Florence married at an Episcopalian church in Laramie, Wyoming in
the summer of 1887 and their only child, Raymond Thornton Chandler, was
born the following year on July 23rd, 1888, in Chicago. The
marriage fell apart very soon after. Maurice's drinking reached epic
proportions and Florence moved to Plattsmouth, Nebraska where she found
some refuge with her sister Grace and family. In 1895 the Chandlers
divorced and Florence and Raymond decided to return to Ireland.
When Raymond was a boy, he and
his mother were regular summer visitors to the city where they would
stay with Florence's brother, Ernest Thornton, who was the head of the
family firm of Thornton & Son, Solicitors, with their offices at
Cathedral Square in the city. The building that housed the offices
is still there - a large, brooding, house - one of seven Elizabethan
houses on the north side of the square opposite the Christchurch
Protestant Cathedral. It is now a private dwelling. On Sunday mornings,
mother and son were regular worshippers at the services in the
Cathedral. Chandler was sent away to school in 1900, at age twelve, to
Dulwich College, one of England's best public schools, but for many
years he and his mother would spend the summers in Waterford. He loved
the college and was grateful for the classical education that he
received there but he cherished the summers that he spent in Waterford.
The
Waterford writer, Bill Long, made Chandler's acquaintance in London in
1958 when they lived two doors apart in Chelsea. Being neighbours, they
knew each other by sight although they had never spoken. One rainy day,
while Long was waiting for a bus, Chandler's limousine pulled up and
Chandler's driver asked Long if he needed a lift. When Chandler heard
Long speak he became agitated and, saying that he had an ear for
dialects, he guessed that Long came
from Waterford. Long
wrote that Chandler was quite visibly moved on hearing that he was
correct. Chandler spoke of his mother and her family and said that
he remembered how snobbish and bigoted were his mother's people, the
Thorntons - especially about class and Catholicism. Everyone who worked
for them had to be Protestant. Chandler admitted that he had
inherited those faults also, and that he was very class-conscious. He
recalled his Uncle Ernest as being a regular tyrant. He concluded by
saying that he always had a good time in Waterford.
Chandler
had parties in his house every week where the 'beautiful' people would
gather. He was seventy at that time, a widower and in poor health, but
he was a kind, gracious and generous host. Crowds tired him and, often,
he and Long would leave the party-goers and retire to Chandlers study
where, invariably, Chandler wanted to talk about Waterford. He would ask
Long to tell him about the Waterford of Long's youth, forty years after
Chandler had known it. Long said that Chandler would often take pencil
and paper, and make lists of streets and squares and laneways of the old
city, just as James Joyce did in recalling Dublin. Chandler loved
to talk about Waterford Port and of the ships that traded in and out of
it. He spoke often about the 'big houses' in Waterford that he had
visited with his mother and Uncle Ernest, whose law firm handled the
legal business for the owners, all of them overwhelmingly Protestant of
course.
Chandler
often spoke about Power's second-hand bookshop that he frequented in
Waterford. This was the famous "Sticky Back" Power's shop,
known to several generations of Waterford people. Once, while talking
about the bookshop, Chandler became quite emotional and told Long how
much the old city meant to him. He said that of all the places he had
lived in, and he stressed the word all, Waterford was the place
that drew him back, in his mind, all the time. Chandler startled Long,
on one occasion when he was talking about "Sticky Back's," by
saying that he had been thinking about the old bookshop and had come up
with an idea for a new Philip Marlowe novel. He thought it would be a
wonderful idea to use the shop and the maze of streets and lanes
surrounding it, as a setting for the novel. He outlined the plot.
Marlowe
is visiting Ireland and he stops in Waterford for a few days.
He visits a bar on the quays in Waterford and there he
witnesses a fight between sailors from different ships.
The next day he hears that one of the sailors from the fight
has been murdered and the body was found slumped in the
doorway of Sticky Back's shop. That evening Marlowe
is recognized by the captain of the murdered sailor's
boat and is asked to investigate. |
And so
begins the new Philip Marlowe mystery. Let's pause a moment and
think a little bit about that. We could have had a Philip Marlowe novel
set in Waterford and when the inevitable film version was made would it
have starred Humphrey Bogart and would the film crews have filmed in
Waterford? Nothing came of it, however, and Chandler died the following
year.
In
his professional career Chandler was one of the leading writers of the
"hard-boiled" school of detective fiction and his stories are
noted for their realism and violence. Chandler
created the private eye (private investigator) Philip Marlowe, a modern
knight who roams the Los Angeles area, protecting the helpless and
bringing the guilty to justice. He
published his first story in 1933 in Black Mask, a magazine that
specialized in detective stories. From
1943 he was a Hollywood screenwriter. Among his best-known scripts were for the films Double Indemnity (1944), The
Blue Dahlia (1946), and Strangers on a Train (1951), the last
written in collaboration with Czenzi Ormonde.
Chandler
wrote slowly and carefully. He
produced only seven novels, all with
Philip Marlowe as hero: The Big Sleep (1939), Farewell, My Lovely
(1940), The High Window (1942), The Lady in the Lake (1943), The Little
Sister (1949), The Long Goodbye
(1953), and Playback (1958). Among his numerous short-story collections
are Five Murderers (1944) and The
Midnight Raymond Chandler (1971). The most popular film versions of Chandler's work were Murder, My Sweet
(1945; also distributed as Farewell, My Lovely), starring Dick
Powell,
and The Big Sleep (1946), starring Humphrey Bogart, both film noir
classics. A collection called The Simple Art of Murder (1950)
includes short stories and an essay on Chandler's philosophy of
detective-story writing.